What are some common misconceptions about Africa?
What made Africa’s early kingdoms great?
In what ways did the Atlantic slave trade harm both Africa and America?
Why did the Scramble for Africa occur?
What was the African response to the Scramble for Africa?
What challenges does Africa face today?
Why did the Scramble for Africa occur?
What was the African response to the Scramble for Africa?
What challenges does Africa face today? ----
Unit #2 Key Concepts
Africa’s Golden Age
The Slave Trade from Africa to America
European Scramble for Africa
African Response to European Scramble
Impact of European Colonialism on Africa
Challenges Facing Africa Today
Africa: Land, Legend, Language
I. Land
A. Africa is a contintent of 53 countries.
B. Africa is 3x the area of the United States
C. Africa has a diverse climate
1. 40% is grassland.
2. 35% is desert.
3. 15% is tropical rain forest.
4. 10% is Mediterranean.
D. Four major river systems are Nile, Congo, Niger, and Zambezi
II. Legend
A. Myth : Wild animals are everywhere.
B. Myth: Africans are polygamous and polytheistic.
C. Myth : All African people are uncivilized.
D. Myth: All Africans are black.
E. Myth : Jungle is the main landscape.
III. Language
A. Most educated Africans are bilingual
B. Major African languages are Arabic, Swahili, Yoruba, and Hausa
A. Ancient Africa: The Beginnings of Man and the Beginnings of Civilizations I. Beginnings of Man
A. Biblical View
B. Evolutionary View
II. Beginning of Civilizations
A. Definition of Civilization
B. Key Ancient African Civilizations
1. Egypt
5Ps
2. Kush
6Ms
3. Nok
4. Axum
5. Carthage
B. African History 0-1500: Africa’s Golden Age I. Africa vs. Europe
A. Why “Dark Ages” in Europe?
B. Why “Golden Age” in Africa?
II. Sources of Information
A. Archaeologists
B. Travelers
A. In Africa
1. Loss of labor
2. Broken families
3. Increased warfare
B. In USA
1. Slave Trade to 1808
2. Slavery to 1863/65
3. Failed Reconstruction: Jim Crow Laws
4. Civil Rights Era: Legal Equality but continued Segregation + Poverty
5. Reform: Affirmative Action + Call for Reparations
IV. A Few Settlers in Africa in Period C
A. Dutch Protestants Seeking Religious Freedom Find Home in Southern Africa at Same Time English Protestants Find Home in America.
B. Just as the English Protestants Sever All Ties with the British and Become Americans, So Do These Dutch Settlers Sever All Ties with Holland and Become “Afrikaners or the “White Tribe”.
D. African History in the 19th Century: The Scramble for Africa
I. Prelude to the Scramble: Until the 1870’s
A. Interested Businessmen, Missionaries, Explorers
B. Reluctant Politicians: Not Interested in Africa II. The Scramble for Africa: The 1880’s and 1890’s
A. Definition
B. Key Players
1. German Chancellor Otto Von Bismarck
2. King Leopold of Belgium
Victims of Leopold's brutal occupation of the Belgian Congo.
C. The Berlin Conference of 1884
D. Big Winners were Great Britain & France with the British winning the Race to Fashoda
III. African Response to the Scramble
A. Some Tribes Welcomed It
B. Some Tribes Were Confused --- They Signed Treaties That They Didn’t Understand
C. Some Tribes Engaged in Armed Resistance
1. Samory Toure in French West Africa
2. Shaka and Cetshwayo in Zululand
3. Mahdi and Khalifa in British Sudan
4. King Menelik II against Italians at Adowa
5. The Ashanti Nation in British Gold Coast
E. African History in the 20th Century: European Imperialism & African Nationalism
I. First 50 Years: European Imperialism
A. European Rationale/Justification for European Imperialism
1. Yes, There Would Be Benefits for Us
2. But We Would Improve Africa
3. There Would Be a Downside for Us
B. The African Reaction
1. The Case of Okonkwo, an Ibo in British Nigeria
in Chinua Achebe’s Things Fall Apart
2. The Case of Masoudi, “The Lonely African” in Belgian Congo
3. Case of Kabongo, a Kikuyu Chief in British Kenya II. The Road to Independence
A. Impact of WWI --- “Seeds of Independence”
1. US President Woodrow Wilson at Versailles
2. WEB DuBois, African-American Activist with President Wilson at Versailles
B. Impact of WWII
1. Much More Devastation than WWI
2. More Africans Involved in Fighting
3. New Superpowers with Power to Decide
C. Crusades by Leaders in Asia
1. Gandhi in India
2. Mao in China
3. Ho Chi Minh in Vietnam
D. Two Routes to Independence
1. Peaceful Path: Kwame Nkrumah in British Gold Coast
2. Violent Path: Mau Mau Organization led by Jomo Kenyatta in British Kenya
audio begins at 19:00.
Freedom Fighters to _
Terrorists to _
Challenges facing Africa in 2008
I. Absence of Ingredients for Development II. Authoritarian (Totalitarianism = Dictatorship) Idi Amin
III. Animosity between Tribes
Ghosts of Rwanda
clip1: start at 5:50 till the end.
Unit #2 Questions
What are some common misconceptions about Africa?
What made Africa’s early kingdoms great?
In what ways did the Atlantic slave trade harm both Africa and America?
Why did the Scramble for Africa occur?
What was the African response to the Scramble for Africa?
What challenges does Africa face today?
Why did the Scramble for Africa occur?
What was the African response to the Scramble for Africa?
What challenges does Africa face today?
----
Unit #2 Key Concepts
Africa’s Golden Age
The Slave Trade from Africa to America
European Scramble for Africa
African Response to European Scramble
Impact of European Colonialism on Africa
Challenges Facing Africa Today
Africa: Land, Legend, Language
I. Land
A. Africa is a contintent of 53 countries.
B. Africa is 3x the area of the United States
C. Africa has a diverse climate
1. 40% is grassland.
2. 35% is desert.
3. 15% is tropical rain forest.
4. 10% is Mediterranean.
D. Four major river systems are Nile, Congo, Niger, and Zambezi
II. Legend
A. Myth : Wild animals are everywhere.
B. Myth: Africans are polygamous and polytheistic.
C. Myth : All African people are uncivilized.
D. Myth: All Africans are black.
E. Myth : Jungle is the main landscape.
III. Language
A. Most educated Africans are bilingual
B. Major African languages are Arabic, Swahili, Yoruba, and Hausa
A. Ancient Africa: The Beginnings of Man and the Beginnings of Civilizations
I. Beginnings of Man
A. Biblical View
B. Evolutionary View
II. Beginning of Civilizations
A. Definition of Civilization
B. Key Ancient African Civilizations
1. Egypt
2. Kush
3. Nok
4. Axum
5. Carthage
B. African History 0-1500: Africa’s Golden Age
I. Africa vs. Europe
A. Why “Dark Ages” in Europe?
B. Why “Golden Age” in Africa?
II. Sources of Information
A. Archaeologists
B. Travelers
C. Oral Historians
III. Politics in Africa Before 1500
A. Tribes (=Nations)
B. Empires Embracing Many Tribes
C. Emperors with Huge Bureaucracies + Armies
D. Kings to Remember
1. Mali
- Sundiata Keita
- Mansa Musa
2. SonghayIV. Economics
A. Agriculture since Period A
B. Mining of Gold + Iron / Manufacturing
C. Intracontinental Trade (Gold for Salt in Silent Barter)
D. Intercontinental Trade (Across Indian Ocean)
V. Sociology in Africa before 1500
A. Arranged Marriage with Dowry
B. Extended Family
C. Caste, Feudalism, and Slavery
VI. Culture in Africa
A. Religion
B. Education
C. African History 1500-1800 European Exploration & Economic Expansion
I. Situation in 1500
A. Great Kingdoms: Songhay, Ethiopia, Kilwa
B. African Slavery (Slaves w/ Rights Integrated into Society)
II. Arrival of Europeans on the Coast
A. Gold, God, Glory and a Water Route to East Asia
B. Trading Posts Along Coasts – Notably Goree Island
C. The Middle Passage of the Triangle Trade
D. Excerpts from Alex Haley’s Roots
III. Legacy of Atlantic Slave Trade
A. In Africa
1. Loss of labor
2. Broken families
3. Increased warfare
B. In USA
1. Slave Trade to 1808
2. Slavery to 1863/65
3. Failed Reconstruction: Jim Crow Laws
4. Civil Rights Era: Legal Equality but continued Segregation + Poverty
5. Reform: Affirmative Action + Call for Reparations
IV. A Few Settlers in Africa in Period C
A. Dutch Protestants Seeking Religious Freedom Find Home in Southern Africa at Same Time English Protestants Find Home in America.
B. Just as the English Protestants Sever All Ties with the British and Become Americans, So Do These Dutch Settlers Sever All Ties with Holland and Become “Afrikaners or the “White Tribe”.
D. African History in the 19th Century: The Scramble for Africa
I. Prelude to the Scramble: Until the 1870’s
A. Interested Businessmen, Missionaries, Explorers
B. Reluctant Politicians: Not Interested in Africa
II. The Scramble for Africa: The 1880’s and 1890’s
A. Definition
B. Key Players
1. German Chancellor Otto Von Bismarck
2. King Leopold of Belgium
C. The Berlin Conference of 1884
D. Big Winners were Great Britain & France with the British winning the Race to Fashoda
III. African Response to the Scramble
A. Some Tribes Welcomed It
B. Some Tribes Were Confused --- They Signed Treaties That They Didn’t Understand
C. Some Tribes Engaged in Armed Resistance
1. Samory Toure in French West Africa
2. Shaka and Cetshwayo in Zululand
3. Mahdi and Khalifa in British Sudan
4. King Menelik II against Italians at Adowa
5. The Ashanti Nation in British Gold Coast
E. African History in the 20th Century: European Imperialism & African Nationalism
I. First 50 Years: European Imperialism
A. European Rationale/Justification for European Imperialism
1. Yes, There Would Be Benefits for Us
2. But We Would Improve Africa
3. There Would Be a Downside for Us
B. The African Reaction
1. The Case of Okonkwo, an Ibo in British Nigeria
in Chinua Achebe’s Things Fall Apart
2. The Case of Masoudi, “The Lonely African” in Belgian Congo
3. Case of Kabongo, a Kikuyu Chief in British Kenya
II. The Road to Independence
A. Impact of WWI --- “Seeds of Independence”
1. US President Woodrow Wilson at Versailles
2. WEB DuBois, African-American Activist with President Wilson at Versailles
B. Impact of WWII
1. Much More Devastation than WWI
2. More Africans Involved in Fighting
3. New Superpowers with Power to Decide
C. Crusades by Leaders in Asia
1. Gandhi in India
2. Mao in China
3. Ho Chi Minh in Vietnam
D. Two Routes to Independence
1. Peaceful Path: Kwame Nkrumah in British Gold Coast
2. Violent Path: Mau Mau Organization led by Jomo Kenyatta in British Kenya
- audio begins at 19:00.
Freedom Fighters to _Terrorists to _
Challenges facing Africa in 2008
I. Absence of Ingredients for Development
II. Authoritarian (Totalitarianism = Dictatorship)
Idi Amin
III. Animosity between Tribes
Ghosts of Rwanda
clip1: start at 5:50 till the end.
clip 2: start at beginning and stop at 2:38.
V. AIDS: Epidemic and other health issues
Map of HIV infection and deaths around the world
Malaria:
IV. After Apartheid- What Future?
stop clip at 5:59.
VI. Threats to Animals and the environment